Knuth Morris Pratt (KMP) Algorithm

Objective:
Given a (smaller) pattern string P, find all its occurrences in a (larger) text string T.

Learning Resources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth-Morris-Pratt_algorithm
http://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=stringSearching 

Good Intuition and worked examples:
http://jakeboxer.com/blog/2009/12/13/the-knuth-morris-pratt-algorithm-in-my-own-words/

Short Explanation:
1) Use the pattern string in order to build the Failure Function array. 
2) Use the failure function to skip certain characters in the text and print each occurrence of the pattern in the text.

Complexity: O(length_of_pattern + length_of_text)

Implementation:

// P - pattern, F - failure function, m - P.size()
void FailureFunction(string &P, vector<int> &F, int m) {
    int i = 1, j = 0;
    F[0] = 0;
    while(i < m) {
        if(P[i] == P[j])
            {F[i] = j+1; i++; j++;}
        else if(j > 0)
            j = F[j-1];
        else
            {F[i] = 0; i++;}
    }
}

// P - pattern, T - text
void KMP(string &P, string &T) {
    int m=P.size(), n=T.size(), i=0, j=0;
    vector<int> F(m+1);
    FailureFunction(P,F,m);
    while(i < n) {
        while(j && T[i] != P[j]) j = F[j-1]; 
        if(T[i] == P[j]) j++;
        if(j == m) printf("%d\n", i-j+1);
        i++;
    }
}